TYPES OF RATTAN PLANT IN INDONESIA

There are many types of rattan in Indonesia.
There are around 312 species of rattan that grow in Indonesia. The richness of Indonesia's rattan species can also be seen from the variety of genera (marga) that Indonesia has. From a total of 13 genera of rattan plants around the world, 8 of them grow in Indonesia.

Rattan is a plant from the Arecaceae (palm) family. Rattan generally vines, the stems are slender with a diameter between 0.3-10 cm, segmented but not hollow, and thorny. These spines function as self-defense and propagation tools. And rattan itself is not just one type, but hundreds of species with 13 genera.

The following is a list of types of rattan that grow in Indonesia. Of the 312 species, some of the stems have been used either to be traded for the craft industry or only used locally. Here are some types of rattan in Indonesia, which are equipped with common names, Latin plant names, names in local mentions, as well as their distribution areas in Indonesia.

Many types of rattan plants can be used which have different names in each region, for that we try to summarize them in an article that can be used as a reference in determining the names of rattan plants.
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RATTAN JERNANG BESAR
Is a type of small rattan plant, this rattan plant has different names depending on the area Jernang Besar, Jernang, Bear (South Sumatra), Getik Badag (West Java), and Getik Warak (Central Java). Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, plains low at 300 masl.


And has the following characteristics;
  1. Stem: Forms a clump, diameter 12 mm, segment length 18-35 cm.
  2. yellowish brown and shiny.
  3. white heart
  4. Leaves: Pinnately compound, lanceolate leaves like ribbons, the top of the leaflets and the veins of the leaves grow fine spines, and the leaves sit face to face.
  5. Flowers: Panicles arranged in bunches, buds covered with a thorny sheath
  6. Fruit: Round, red-brown, single seed
  7. Benefits: Stems for furniture raw materials, fruit sap for dyes, and pharmaceuticals (jernang rattan).
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RATTAN JERMASIN| Calamus ecojolis Becc
Commonly called Jermasin rattan (Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Sumatra).
Has spread to the areas of Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. At 10-100 masl, this plant lives and grows on rocky, sandy soil and mountain ridges; in clusters between 30-50 stems.
With the following characteristics;
  1. Stem diameter between 6 - 10 mm.
  2. Segment length 15 – 40 cm.
  3. Yellowish color when dry and shiny.
  4. Stem length up to 50 m.
  5. Stems are strong and tenacious.
  6. Pinnate compound leaves 1 m long, lanceolate egg-shaped leaves, climbing tendrils at the ends, midrib and thorny petiole, leaves sitting opposite each other, dark green color.
  7. Fruit oval up to 1.5 cm, reddish brown, single seed.
  8. Benefits of the trimmed stem as woven material in furniture.
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RATTAN SEMAMBU | Calamus scipionum Lour
Including large rattan that can be utilized as stems.
some areas call Sumambu (Batak Karo), Simambo (Batak Toba), Simambu (Minangkabau), Semambu (Lampung), Semabu (West Kalimantan), Tantuwo (Dayak Central Kalimantan), Semambu (West Java).
This rattan plant grows on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. At 1000 masl.
And has the following characteristics;
  1. The plant stems grow to form a clump, with a trunk diameter of 30 mm.
  2. The stem has a segment length between 20-30 cm.
  3. Reddish brown color when dry.
  4. Stem length up to 20 m.
  5. It has the character of coarse and ductile materials.
  6. The leaves are pinnate compound with a length of 1 m, the leaflets have climbing tendrils, the midrib, and petiole are spiny, the leaves sit opposite each other, and the color is yellowish brown.
  7. There are 2 kinds of flowers, fertile flowers, and barren flowers, fertile flowers are in the form of whips and long spiked panicles.
  8. Fruit oval size 1.5 cm long, reddish brown, single seed.
  9. Use of rods for hiking sticks, ski poles, and furniture frames.
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RATTAN DAHANAN | Korthalsia flagellaris Miq
Including large rattan which is used for furniture materials.
Local Name : Rattan Dahanan (Sumatra, Kalimantan)
Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo. In swamps 50 meters above sea level.
The characteristics are as follows;
  1. Grows and lives in clumps of up to 20 stems.
  2. Stem diameter 15 – 30 mm.
  3. The length between the segments is between 20 – 50 cm.
  4. Dark brown and rough.
  5. Stems are hard and rather difficult to split.
  6. The length of the stem can grow up to 50 meters.
  7. The leaves are pinnately compound, the leaflets are lanceolate ovate, the edges are serrated, the underside of the leaflets and the veins grow fine spines, the leaves sit face to face, and the color is yellowish brown.
  8. Panicle flowers are arranged in bunches, and the buds are covered with thorny sheaths
  9. Fruit round, reddish brown, single seed
  10. The benefits of stems as raw materials for furniture.
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RATTA BUYUNG | Calamus Optimus Becc
This rattan is included in the small rattan group in some areas calling it Buyung, Selutup, and Sega Bulu (Kalimantan). Spread includes: Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Sumatra. Grows and develops on the banks of rivers at 100-300 meters above sea level, on rocky soil, sand, and mountain ridges. Live clumps up to 60 stems.


With the following characteristics;
  1. Stem diameter between 12 – 24 mm.
  2. Stem length between 20 -30 cm, yellowish green, shiny when dry, up to 40 m long, strong, and tenacious.
  3. Leaves: 1 m long pinnate compound, lanceolate egg-shaped leaves at the ends of the leaves have climbing tendrils, midrib, and spiny petioles, leaves sitting opposite each other, dark green.
  4. Fruit oval 1.5 cm, reddish brown, single seed.
  5. The benefits of the stem as a woven material in furniture.
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RATTAN TAMAN | Calamus caesius Blume
Some areas call it Sega Huwi rattan, and Sesah is the Kalimantan area, Sega rattan (Aceh), Segeu rattan (Gayo), Sego rattan (West Sumatra), Sega benar/Segafruit rattan (Malay). The natural place of growth is in dry areas, dry lowlands to hills. This type has also been cultivated for a long time by the people of Central Kalimantan who live in the Mentaya river, Katingan river, Kahayan river, and several other areas. This plant grows in clumps, in each cluster there can be up to 100 stems with the length of each mature stem reaching 50 meters or more.
With the following characteristics:
  1. The stems are yellowish green and turn yellow and shiny when they are stripped and dry. Stem diameter between 4-11 mm, segment length 15-30 cm.
  2. The leaves are pinnately compound, with elongated lanceolate leaflets and the color of the lower surface of the leaflets is typically chalky white and the upper parts are shiny green. In addition, the tip of the child leaves curved upwards. The length of the following leaves is cirrus 0.5 – 1.25 m.
  3. Sheath overgrown with rather short triangular thorns.
  4. The fruit is oval in shape, up to 1.5 cm long. The fruit skin is scaly, green in color and will turn yellowish brown when it is ripe.
  5. Garden Rattan is a raw material for the purposes of making rattan mats and raw materials for making wicker.
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RATTAN MANAU | Calamus manan Miquel ; Its a type of rattan that grows in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This rattan can grow optimally in areas with an altitude of about 50 to 600 meters above sea level.
An area suitable for growing manau rattan is a wet, sandy climate. The growth of this rattan is also not affected by the tides. The form of a solitary stem with a diameter of 25 to 60 mm with a segment length of up to 35 cm. Manau rattan has oval-shaped fruit with a length of up to 3 cm. 
It's a type of rattan rod, commonly used in furniture for frames or construction. Manau rattan is the best type of rattan with an ivory-yellow or slightly brownish skin surface (after processing) that has high strength and flexibility. Currently, this type of Manao rattan is very difficult to obtain.

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RATTAN BALUBUK | Calamus burckianus Beccari ; Disebut juga sebagai Howe balubuk (Sunda), rotan sepet, penjalin bakul (Jawa).
 Terdapat di Jawa.










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RATTAN IRIT | calamus trachycoleus :
Generally known as rattan "irit", the growth of this type of rattan is very good in the Kalimantan region, especially in flooded swamp areas with a wet climate. Including endemic plants in the Barito and Kahayan river areas.


This "irit" type of rattan plant grows in clumps, even reaching 100 sticks. It is about 4 to 11 mm in diameter with 10 to 15 cm long internodes, dark green in color. The length of the stem of this economical type of rattan can reach 50 m. This "irit" rattan is often processed as a material for curtains, latticework and woven furniture coverings with unique designed.

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RATTAN MANTANG | HOE | SEUTI ( calamus ornatus blume ex schult.f )
The mantang (Jambi) is known by a different name. In West Java, for example, it is called rattan howe mattress or seuti. While in Kalimantan it is known as salian. This rattan spreads and can grow optimally in Sumatra, Java and also Kalimantan.

The habitat for growing rotan rattan is on the outskirts of the river with an altitude of 100 to 300 meters above sea level. With the condition of sandy, sandy, and mountain ridge areas. The stem of this rattan is solitary with a diameter of 15 to 40 mm.
The rattan has a segment length of 16 to 20 cm which is dark green in color which when dry it turns shiny yellow. The rattan is often used as raw material for making furniture.









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RATTAN LILIN | Calamus javensis blume :  
Which grows and spreads in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This rattan can grow optimally in lowland areas to mountainous areas with wet climates at an altitude of up to 1200 meters above sea level.

The length of wax rattan sticks can reach 50 meters with a yellowish color when young and turn yellowish brown when it is old or dry. Utilization of rattan sticks is usually for the manufacture of baskets, wicker, and as a strap.







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Rottan putih (calamus sp)

Rotan sago air (clamus axillaris)

Rotan lilin (calamus blumi)

Rotan sega (calamus caesius blume)

Rotan batu (calamus diepemhorstii)

Rotan rumo (calamus flabelloides)

Rotan buluh ( calamus hispidalus)

Rotan halus | pulut merah (calamus japensis blume)

Rotan jermasin | ronti (calamus leioculis)

Rotan manau (calamus manan miq)

Rotan melikut (calamus mucronatus)

Rotan buyung (calamus optimus)

Rotan tulang | minong (calamus ornatus)

Rotan tunggal | lilung (calamus retrophyllus)

Rotan dandan (calamus schistacanthus)

Rotan samambo (calamus scipionum lour)

Rotan katip | udang | paladas (calamus spetabilis blume)

Rotan irit (calamus trachycoleus)

Rotan jernang | getah (daemanorops angustifolia)

Rotan jernang | getah (daemanorops crinitus)

Rotan jernang (daemanorops draco)

Rotan latung (daemanorops fissus blume)

Rotan tanah (daemanorops longitis)

Rotan manau padi | besi (daemanorops marginatus)

Rotan lilin (daemanorops rhomboideus)

Rotan cincin (daemanorops sabut)

Rotan dahanan (korthalsia flagelaria)

Rotan semut (korthalsia scaphigera)

Rotan pelah (calamus daemanorops rubra)

Rotan korod (calamus heteroideus)

Rotan Korod (Calamus heteroideus Blume); Disebut juga Rotan Lilin. Tumbuh di Jawa.

Rotan cilicacing (calamus javansis blume)

Rotan leuleur (calamus melanoloma)

Rotan seti (calamus ornatus blume ex schult.f

Rotan dedek (calamus reinwarditii martelli)

Rotan bego, dawuhy (calamus rhombideus blume)

Rotan glatik, rotan cacing (calamus viminalis)

Rotan uwe | rongo | lauro | hoa (calamus didymocarpus)

Rotan tohiti (calamus inops)

Rotan batu (calamus insignis)

Rotan lauro | anduru | tikus | batu (calamus minahasae)

Rotan londo | waku (calamus ornathus)

Rotan ombol | hoa (calamus symphysipus)

Rotan dedek (calamus zollingerii)

Rotan sabut | lita (calamus lamprolepsi)



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